Schopenhauer looks at reality having two aspects: Object and Subject. What is and what/how one defines what is. There, in space and time, lies an object that exists. Unlabeled and undefined by all means. The object just is. Then lies one's representation of the world and everything in it, or the subject. The subject is a definition in which one knows something as, or a name in which someone labels something as.
Take chairs for instance. The object we label as a chair exists physically, only by be able to define something as a chair does it become labeled "chair." Other things can be sat on such as stumps, cars, basketballs, etc., so how does one define a chair by a globally agreeable definition? It is only by our representation or mental picture of what we know as a chair that then are we able to recognize what might be a chair. So basically, everyone has a different interpretation and definition for everything that exists, but in our culture, we're around chairs so much that we pretty much have a common guess as to what is a chair.
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